Introduction

This website supplements the PDF report A survey of biomedical knowledge graphs and of resources to construct them.

All tables contained in the report are provided here in a more user-friendly way, for example by allowing to sort tables by a chosen column and to open references directly in a new browser tab. Other content of the report is not included here, in particular a section about various knowledge graph definitions encountered in practice.

Projects that provide biomedical knowledge graphs

# Name Websites Publications Code Data Last Update Organization
1 ADHD-KG [13]ADHD-KG [14]ADHD-KG: a knowledge graph of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder GitHub [15]ADHD-KG .n3 / .nt [16]ADHD-KG [17]ADHD-KG v1.0 2022 School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield [18]School of Computing and Engineering
2 BIKG - [19]Biological Insights Knowledge Graph: an integrated knowledge graph to support drug development - - 2022 Company: AstraZeneca [20]AI and knowledge graphs for drug discovery [21]AstraZeneca
3 BIOS [22]Biomedical Informatics Ontology System - BIOS@IDEA [23]BIOS: An Algorithmically Generated Biomedical Knowledge Graph GitHub [24]BIOS NER [25]BIOS EntityClassification .txt [26]Biomedical Informatics Ontology System - BIOS@IDEA 2022 International Digital Economy Academy [27]International Digital Economy Academy (IDEA) , Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University [28]Center for Statistical Science , Individuals from other research institutes
4 BY-COVID-KG - - GitHub [29]COVID-19 Knowledge Graph: A comprehensive representation of chemical and biological entities associated with COVID-19 .pkl / .csv / .graphml / .sif [30]BY-COVID Knowledge Graph: A comprehensive network integrating various data resources of BY-COVID project - BioModels 2022 BeYond-COVID (BY-COVID) project, various European research institutes [31]BY-COVID
5 Bio2RDF [32]Bio2RDF v2.7a [33]Bio2RDF Home [34]Bio2RDF: Towards a mashup to build bioinformatics knowledge systems [35]Bio2RDF release 3: a larger connected network of linked data for the life sciences GitHub [36]Bio2RDF-scripts .nq / .owl [37]Bio2RDF Release 3 [38]File Browser , SPARQL endpoint [39]OpenLink Virtuoso SPARQL Query Editor 2014 Individuals from various research institutes
6 Bio4j [40]Bio4j [41]Bio4j: a high-performance cloud-enabled graph-based data platform GitHub [42]Bio4j bioinformatics graph data platform [43]Bio4j Titan .dmp (TitanDB) [44]bio4j-titan/docs/Bio4jAWSReleases.md at master · bio4j/bio4j-titan [45]bio4j-titan/docs/ImportingTitanBio4j.md at master · bio4j/bio4j-titan 2014 Company: Era7 Bioinformatics [46]Oh no sequences! Research Group - Era7 Bioinformatics
7 BioGrakn [47]Tomas Sabat [48]BioGrakn: A Knowledge Graph-Based Semantic Database for Biomedical Sciences GitHub [49]BioGrakn .zip (Grakn) [50]Releases · vaticle/biograkn · GitHub 2018 Company: Vaticle Ltd [51]Vaticle · GitHub
8 BioGraph [52]BioGraph [53]BioGraph: Data Model for Linking and Querying Diverse Biological Metadata GitHub [54]BioGraph .zip (Neo4J) [55]biograph/biograph-backend/importers at master · aleksandar-veljkovic/biograph · GitHub 2023 Individuals from various research institutes
9 BioKG - [56]BioKG: A Knowledge Graph for Relational Learning On Biological Data GitHub [57]biokg [58]biodblinker , PyPI [59]biodblinker · PyPI .tsv [60]Release biokg-v1.0.0 · dsi-bdi/biokg 2020 Biomedical Discovery Informatics Unit, NUI Galway [61]Data Science Institute - University of Galway [62]DSI - Biomedical Discovery Informatics
10 Biomedical Data Translator [63]Biomedical Data Translator - National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [64]Translator Developer Documentation [65]The Biomedical Data Translator Program: Conception, Culture, and Community [66]Progress toward a universal biomedical data translator GitHub [67]ReasonerAPI [68]Knowledge Graph Exchange (KGE) Archive and Registry Working Group [69]TranslatorTechnicalDocumentation REST API [70]SmartAPI - Translator , Web UI [71]NCATS Biomedical Data Translator 2023 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [72]National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
11 Bioteque [73]BIOTEQUE: Metapath Explorer [74]Integrating and formatting biomedical data as pre-calculated knowledge graph embeddings in the Bioteque [75]BQsupports: systematic assessment of the support and novelty of new biomedical associations GitLab [76]bioteque / Bioteque .tsv [77]BIOTEQUE: Downloads 2022 Structural Bioinformatics and Network Biology Group, IRB Barcelona [78]Structural Bioinformatics and Network Biology Group
12 Biozon [79]Biozon [80]BIOZON: a hub of heterogeneous biological data [81]BIOZON: a system for unification, management and analysis of heterogeneous biological data Website [82]Biozon : Download files and software .sql (PostgreSQL) [83]Biozon : Download files and software 2005 Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University [84]Stanford Developmental Biology
13 COVID-19 Knowledge Graph [85]COVID-19 Knowledge Graph [86]COVID-19 Knowledge Graph from semantic integration of biomedical literature and databases GitHub [87]covid19kg_rdf .ttl [88]COVID-19 Knowledge Graph - RDF Dumps , REST API [89]COVID-19 Knowledge Graph - RESTful API , SPARQL GUI [90]COVID-19 Knowledge Graph - YASGUI SPARQL GUI 2022 Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware [91]Computer & Information Sciences at the University of Delaware
14 COVID-19-Net [92]Peter Rose - COVID Information Commons - GitHub [93]Covid-19-Community Neo4j Browser [94]reader@neo4j://132.249.238.185:7687 - Neo4j Browser 2022 Individuals from various research institutes
15 COVID-KG [95]BLENDER Lab - Software [96]COVID-19 Literature Knowledge Graph Construction and Drug Repurposing Report Generation - .csv [97]Wayback Machine: KG.zip 2020 BLENDER Lab, University of Illinois [98]BLENDER Lab
16 CROssBAR [99]CROssBAR Project [100]CROssBAR Knowledge Graphs [101]CROssBAR: comprehensive resource of biomedical relations with knowledge graph representations GitHub [102]CROssBAR: Comprehensive Resource of Biomedical Relations with Deep Learning Applications and Knowledge Graph Representations .csv / .tsv [103]CROssBAR integrated knowledge graphs (KG) · cansyl/CROssBAR 2023 Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyL), METU [104]CanSyL - Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory , Protein Function Development Team, EMBL-EBI [105]Protein Function Development – Services for protein sequences and their function
17 Chem2Bio2RDF [106]chem2bio2rdf [107]Chem2Bio2RDF: a semantic framework for linking and data mining chemogenomic and systems chemical biology data - RDF [108]Wayback machine: chem2bio2rdf datasets 2010 School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University [109]IU School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering
18 Clinical Knowledge Graph (CKG) [110]Clinical Knowledge Graph — ClinicalKnowledgeGraph 1.0 documentation [111]Clinical Knowledge Graph Integrates Proteomics Data into Clinical Decision-Making [112]A knowledge graph to interpret clinical proteomics data GitHub [113]CKG .dump (Neo4j) [114]Clinical Knowledge Graph 2021 NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen [115]Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research
19 CovidGraph [116]HealthECCO [117]CovidGraph - a COVID-19 Knowledge Graph - HealthECCO [118]CovidGraph Documentation [119]CovidGraph: a graph to fight COVID-19 GitHub [120]documentation Web UI [121]CovidGraph Explorer , Neo4j Browser [122]Neo4j Browser 2022 Covidgraph.org Team, Individuals from various research institutes [123]Covidgraph.org Team
20 CovidPubKG - [124]CovidPubGraph: A FAIR Knowledge Graph of COVID-19 Publications GitHub [125]CovidPubKG: A FAIR Knowledge Graph of COVID-19 Publications .nt / .ttl [126]/datasets/CovidPubGraph/archive/ [127]CovidPubGraph: A FAIR Knowledge Graph of COVID-19 Publications , SPARQL endpoint [128]Virtuoso SPARQL Query Editor 2021 DICE group, Paderborn University [129]The Data Science (DICE) group
21 DDI-BLKG - [130]Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction on a Biomedical Literature Knowledge Graph GitHub [131]Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction on a Biomedical Literature Knowledge Graph (DDI-BLKG) .txt [132]ownCloud - A safe home for all your data 2020 Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, NCSR Demokritos [133]National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos"
22 DRKG - [134]DRKG/DRKG Drug Repurposing Knowledge Graph.pdf at master · gnn4dr/DRKG GitHub [135]Drug Repurposing Knowledge Graph (DRKG) .tsv / .npy [136]GitHub - gnn4dr/DRKG: A knowledge graph and a set of tools for drug repurposing 2022 Individuals from various research institutes
23 DeepKG [137]COVID-19 KG [138]DeepKG: an end-to-end deep learning-based workflow for biomedical knowledge graph extraction, optimization and applications - Triplets [139]COVID-19 KG 2021 Individuals from various research institutes
24 DisGeNET-RDF [140]DisGeNET - a database of gene-disease associations [141]DisGeNET RDF [142]DisGeNET: a discovery platform for the dynamical exploration of human diseases and their genes [143]DisGeNET-RDF: harnessing the innovative power of the Semantic Web to explore the genetic basis of diseases [144]The DisGeNET knowledge platform for disease genomics: 2019 update Bitbucket [145]disgenet2r — Bitbucket [146]disgenet-app — Bitbucket .ttl [147]Index of /download , SPARQL endpoint [148]Virtuoso SPARQL Query Editor [149]SPARQL Explorer , .tsv / .sql (SQLite) [150]DisGeNET - a database of gene-disease associations , REST API [151]DisGeNET Programmatic Access 2020 Integrative Biomedical Informatics (IBI) group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB) [152]Integrative Biomedical Informatics - Research - Grib
25 Drug-CoV - [153]Drug-CoV: a drug-origin knowledge graph discovering drug repurposing targeting COVID-19 GitHub [154]kg .csv [155]kg/Drug-CoV at main · SRL94/kg 2023 School of Information Technology, Murdoch University [156]School of Information Technology - Murdoch University
26 DrugMechDB [157]Indication Mechanism of Action Database - DrugMechDB [158]DrugMechDB: A Curated Database of Drug Mechanisms [159]Design and application of a knowledge network for automatic prioritization of drug mechanisms GitHub [160]DrugMechDB - 2023 Su Lab, Scripps Research Institute [161]The Su Lab - Quantitative methods in biomedical discovery
27 DrugRep-HeSiaGraph - [162]DrugRep-HeSiaGraph: when heterogenous siamese neural network meets knowledge graphs for drug repurposing GitHub [163]DrugRep-HeSiaGraph .csv [164]DrugRep-HeSiaGraph 2023 CBRC Lab, Amirkabir University Of Technology [165]CBRC
28 DrugRep-KG - [166]DrugRep-KG: Toward Learning a Unified Latent Space for Drug Repurposing Using Knowledge Graphs GitHub [167]DrugRep-KG .csv / .txt [168]DrugRep-KG/DRP-KGE-Data and Code at main · CBRC-lab/DrugRep-KG · GitHub 2023 CBRC Lab, Amirkabir University Of Technology [169]CBRC
29 EmBiology [170]EmBiology - Biological data structured for insights - Elsevier [171]EmBiology - Commercial access 2023 Company: Elsevier [172]Elsevier - An Information Analytics Business
30 EpiGraphDB [173]EpiGraphDB [174]EpiGraphDB: a database and data mining platform for health data science GitHub [175]epigraphdb [176]epigraphdb-r Neo4j build pipeline [177]neo4j-build-pipeline , REST API [178]EpiGraphDB API - Swagger UI 2021 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol [179]MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit - University of Bristol
31 GP-KG - [180]KG-Predict: A knowledge graph computational framework for drug repurposing File server [181]Index of /public/data/GPKG-Predict .txt [182]Index of /public/data/GPKG-Predict/data 2022 Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University [183]Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery - Case Western Reserve University
32 GenomicKB [184]GenomicKB [185]GenomicKB: a knowledge graph for the human genome - .dump (Neo4j) [186]Database Download :: GKB Documentation 2023 Liu Lab, University of Michigan [187]Liu Lab
33 Google Health Knowledge Graph [188]A remedy for your health-related questions: health info in the Knowledge Graph [189]A reintroduction to our Knowledge Graph and knowledge panels - - REST API with JSON-LD responses [190]Google Knowledge Graph Search API [191]Google Knowledge Graph Search API - Enterprise Knowledge Graph 2020 Company: Google [192]Google - About Google, Our Culture & Company News
34 GrEDeL - [193]GrEDeL: A Knowledge Graph Embedding Based Method for Drug Discovery From Biomedical Literatures [194]GitHub - ShengtianSang/GrEDeL: GrEDeL - 2019 Individuals from various research institutes
35 HALD [195]HALD [196]HALD, a human aging and longevity knowledge graph for precision gerontology and geroscience analyses GitHub [197]hald .json / .csv [198]HALD, a human aging and longevity knowledge graph for precision gerontology and geroscience analyses 2023 Ming Chen's Group of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University [199]Ming Chen's Group of Bioinformatics!
36 HemeKG [200]HemeKG v0.0.1-dev [201]A Computational Approach for Mapping Heme Biology in the Context of Hemolytic Disorders GitHub [202]HemeKG , PyPI [203]hemekg · PyPI .json (BEL JSON) [204]hemekg/hemekg at master · hemekg/hemekg · GitHub 2021 Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Bonn [205]Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics , Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer SCAI [206]Bioinformatics - Fraunhofer SCAI
37 Hetionet [207]Hetionet - An integrative network of biomedical knowledge [208]Systematic integration of biomedical knowledge prioritizes drugs for repurposing [209]Heterogeneous Network Edge Prediction: A Data Integration Approach to Prioritize Disease-Associated Genes Website [210]Het.io - Software , GitHub [211]hetio/hetionet: Data repository containing Hetionet downloads [212]hetio/hetnetpy repository: Hetnets in Python , PyPI [213]hetio · PyPI [214]hetnetpy · PyPI .json / .tsv / .dump (Neo4j) / .npy (NumPy) [215]Het.io - Explore Neo4j Browser [216]Hetionet in Neo4j 2018 Baranzini Lab, UCSF [217]Baranzini Lab , Greene Lab, University of Pennsylvania [218]Greene Lab
38 HuadingKG - [219]HKGB: An Inclusive, Extensible, Intelligent, Semi-auto-constructed Knowledge Graph Framework for Healthcare with Clinicians’ Expertise Incorporated GitHub [220]huadingkg RDF (Apache Jena) [221]huadingkg 2019 Individuals from various research institutes
39 IASiS Open Data Graph [222]The iASiS project Knowledge Graph - IASIS [223]iASiS Open Data Graph: Automated Semantic Integration of Disease-Specific Knowledge GitHub [224]iASiS Open Data Graph MongoDB / Neo4j build pipeline [225]iASiS Open Data Graph 2020 Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, NCSR Demokritos [226]National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos"
40 IDSM [227]IDSM - Integrated Database of Small Molecules [228]IDSM ChemWebRDF: SPARQLing small-molecule datasets GitLab [229]chemdb · GitLab .owl / .ttl / .sql (PostgreSQL) pipeline [230]chemdb / loaders · GitLab , SPARQL endpoints [231]IDSM / SPARQL GUI [232]IDSM / SPARQL GUI [233]YASGUI 2023 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences [234]IOCB Prague - Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS
41 INDRA [235]INDRA [236]INDRA documentation — INDRA 1.22.0 documentation [237]From word models to executable models of signaling networks using automated assembly [238]Automated assembly of molecular mechanisms at scale from text mining and curated databases GitHub [239]INDRA , PyPI [240]indra · PyPI .tsv [241]indra_assembly_paper/data at master · sorgerlab/indra_assembly_paper · GitHub , .pkl / .json [242]INDRA assembly Benchmark Corpus , REST API [243]INDRA REST API 2023 Sorger Lab, Harvard Medical School [244]Sorger Lab
42 Implicitome - [245]The Implicitome: A Resource for Rationalizing Gene-Disease Associations GitHub [246]GeneDiseasePaper .csv / .nq [247]Dryad - Data -- The implicitome: a resource for rationalizing gene-disease associations 2017 Individuals from various research institutes
43 KEGG50k - [248]Drug target discovery using knowledge graph embeddings - .txt [249]KEGG50k-drugtargets 2018 Data Science Institute, University of Galway [250]Data Science Institute - University of Galway
44 KG-COVID-19 [251]KG-COVID-19 documentation — kg-covid-19 1.0.0 documentation [252]KG-COVID-19: A Framework to Produce Customized Knowledge Graphs for COVID-19 Response GitHub [253]kg-covid-19 .nt / .tsv [254]KG-COVID-19 , SPARQL endpoint [255]Blazegraph Workbench 2023 Individuals from various research institutes
45 KG-Hub [256]Knowledge Graph Hub [257]KG-Hub -- Building and Exchanging Biological Knowledge Graphs GitHub [258]Knowledge-Graph-Hub .nt [259]KG-Hub Index 2023 Individuals from various research institutes
46 KGen - [260]KGen: a knowledge graph generator from biomedical scientific literature GitHub [261]KGen .txt / .ttl [262]KGen/examples/biomedical at master · rossanez/KGen · GitHub 2022 Institute of Computing, University of Campinas [263]Institute of Computing
47 KIDS - [264]Knowledge integration and decision support for accelerated discovery of antibiotic resistance genes GitHub [265]Knowledge Integration and Decision Support (KIDS) .txt / .xml [266]KIDS/kg_constructor/data at master · IBPA/KIDS · GitHub 2022 Tagkopoulos Lab, University of California [267]Integrative Biology and Predictive Analytics – @ UC DAVIS
48 KaBOB - [268]KaBOB: ontology-based semantic integration of biomedical databases GitHub [269]KaBOB RDF pipeline [270]KaBOB 2015 Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado [271]Computational Bioscience Home - School of Medicine
49 Knowledge4COVID-19 KG - [272]Knowledge4COVID-19: A semantic-based approach for constructing a COVID-19 related knowledge graph from various sources and analyzing treatments’ toxicities GitHub [273]Knowledge4COVID-19 , Zenodo [274]Knowledge4COVID-19 SPARQL endpoint [275]Virtuoso SPARQL Query Editor 2022 L3S Research Center, University of Hannover [276]L3S Research Center - All Projects , Individuals from various research institutes
50 LMKG - [277]LMKG: A large-scale and multi-source medical knowledge graph for intelligent medicine applications GitHub [278]LMKG .json [279]LMKG – Google Drive , Neo4j Browser [280]Neo4j Browser 2023 Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University [281]Department Of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University , Individuals from various research institutes
51 MDKG - [282]An Integrated Knowledge Graph for Microbe-Disease Associations GitHub [283]MDKG .dict / .txt [284]MDKG/dataset.rar at master · ccszbd/MDKG · GitHub 2020 Central China Normal University [285]Central China Normal University
52 Monarch KG [286]Monarch Initiative [287]monarch-py [288]Navigating the Phenotype Frontier: The Monarch Initiative [289]The Monarch Initiative: an integrative data and analytic platform connecting phenotypes to genotypes across species [290]The Monarch Initiative in 2024: an analytic platform integrating phenotypes, genes and diseases across species GitHub [291]monarch_ingest [292]Monarch App , PyPI [293]monarch-py · PyPI .nt, .jsonl, .tsv, .db (SQLite), .dump (Neo4j) [294]Directory index for https://data.monarchinitiative.org/ 2023 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado [295]Department of Biomedical Informatics , Individuals from various research institutes
53 Mpox Knowledge Graph [296]Monkeypox Knowledge Graph: A comprehensive representation embedding chemical entities and associated biology of Monkeypox - BioModels [297]Mpox Knowledge Graph: a comprehensive representation embedding chemical entities and associated biology of Mpox GitHub [298]Monkeypox Knowledge Graph: A comprehensive representation of chemical and biological entities associated with Monkeypox .csv / .graphml / .pkl / .sif [299]Monkeypox Knowledge Graph: A comprehensive representation embedding chemical entities and associated biology of Monkeypox - BioModels [300]Mpox Knowledge Graph: A comprehensive representation of chemical and biological entities associated with Mpox , Web UI [301]Mpox Knowledge Graph - A comprehensive representation embedding chemical entities and associated biology of Mpox 2022 Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) [302]Fraunhofer ITMP
54 NGLY1 Deficiency KG - [303]Structured reviews for data and knowledge-driven research GitHub [304]The NGLY1 Deficiency Knowledge Graph [305]BioKnowledge reviewer library .csv [306]ngly1-graph/neo4j-graphs at master · SuLab/ngly1-graph , Neo4j Browser [307]Neo4j Browser 2019 Su Lab, Scripps Research Institute [308]The Su Lab - Quantitative methods in biomedical discovery
55 NeDRex [309]NeDRex [310]Network medicine for disease module identification and drug repurposing with the NeDRex platform GitHub [311]NeDRex [312]NeDRexApp [313]nedrexdb REST API [314]NeDRexDB , Neo4j API [315]NeDRexDB - Neo4j , Cytoscape app [316]Cytoscape App Store - NeDRex 2021 Individuals from various research institutes
56 Neo4COVID-19 [317]Neo4COVID-19 [318]A Workflow of Integrated Resources to Catalyze Network Pharmacology Driven COVID-19 Research GitHub [319]neo4covid19 Neo4j Browser [320]Neo4j Data Browser 2022 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [321]National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
57 OREGANO - [322]Computational Approaches for Drug Repositioning: Towards a Holistic Perspective based on Knowledge Graphs [323]The OREGANO knowledge graph for computational drug repurposing GitLab [324]oregano · GitLab .tsv [325]Data_OREGANO/Graphs · oregano · GitLab [326]The OREGANO knowledge graph for computational drug repurposing [327]The OREGANO knowledge graph for computational drug repurposing , SPARQL endpoint [328]Blazegraph Workbench 2023 Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux [329]AHeaD - Bordeaux population health
58 Open Graph Benchmark: ogbl-biokg [330]Link Property Prediction [331]Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphs GitHub [332]ogb , PyPI [333]ogb · PyPI .csv [334]Index of /ogb/data/linkproppred 2023 Department of Computer Science, Stanford University [335]Computer Science - Stanford University School of Engineering , Individuals from various research institutes
59 OpenBioLink [336]OpenBioLink2021 Challenge [337]OpenBioLink: a benchmarking framework for large-scale biomedical link prediction GitHub [338]OpenBioLink , PyPI [339]openbiolink · PyPI .tsv [340]OpenBioLink2021 Challenge , .tsv / .nt / .bel [341]OpenBioLink2020 2020 Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna [342]Section for Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, CeMSIIS, MedUni Vienna
60 Otter-Knowledge [343]Otter-Knowledge [344]Otter-Knowledge: benchmarks of multimodal knowledge graph representation learning from different sources for drug discovery GitHub [345]Otter Knowledge .nt [346]ibm/otter_uniprot_bindingdb_chembl · Datasets at Hugging Face [347]ibm/otter_stitch · Datasets at Hugging Face [348]ibm/otter_primekg · Datasets at Hugging Face [349]ibm/otter_dude · Datasets at Hugging Face 2023 Company: IBM [350]International Business Machines · GitHub
61 PGxLOD [351]PGxLOD [352]Learning from biomedical linked data to suggest valid pharmacogenes [353]PGxO and PGxLOD: a reconciliation of pharmacogenomic knowledge of various provenances, enabling further comparison GitHub [354]RDF-data-mining [355]pgxlod-reconciliation-rules SPARQL endpoint [356]Virtuoso SPARQL Query Editor , FCT Browser [357]Precision Search & Find 2019 PractiKPharma project, Loria [358]PractiKPharma Project Homepage , Loria, Joint Research Unit between CNRS, University of Lorraine, INRIA [359]Loria
62 PharMeBINet [360]PharMeBINet [361]The heterogeneous pharmacological medical biochemical network PharMeBINet GitHub [362]PharMeBINet: The heterogeneous pharmacological medical biochemical network .db (Neo4j) / .graphml [363]PharMeBINet: Downloads [364]PharMeBINet 2022 Bioinformatics / Medical Informatics Department, University Bielefeld [365]Bioinformatics / Medical Informatics Department
63 PharmKG - [366]PharmKG: a dedicated knowledge graph benchmark for bomedical data mining GitHub [367]PharmKG .tsv [368]PharmKG: A Dedicated Knowledge Graph Benchmark for Biomedical Data Mining 2020 School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University [369]Sun Yat-Sen University: Research Institutes
64 PheKnowLator [370]PheKnowLator [371]A Framework for Automated Construction of Heterogeneous Large-Scale Biomedical Knowledge Graphs [372]An Open-Source Knowledge Graph Ecosystem for the Life Sciences GitHub [373]PheKnowLator , PyPI [374]pkt-kg · PyPI , Zenodo [375]Search PheKnowLator .owl / .nt / .gpickle / .pkl / .tsv / .json [376]Archived Builds [377]PheKnowLator Human Disease Knowledge Graph Benchmarks Archive [378]pheknowlator – Bucket-Details – Cloud Storage – Google Cloud Console 2021 Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado [379]Computational Bioscience Home - School of Medicine , Individuals from various research institutes
65 PrimeKG [380]Precision Medicine Oriented Knowledge Graph [381]Building a knowledge graph to enable precision medicine GitHub [382]PrimeKG .csv / .tab [383]PrimeKG 2022 Zitnik Lab, Harvard University [384]Artificial Intelligence for Medicine and Science
66 PubChemRDF [385]PubChemRDF [386]PubChemRDF: towards the semantic annotation of PubChem compound and substance databases [387]PubChem 2023 update - .ttl [388]FTP Download [389]Loading PubChemRDF , REST API [390]RESTful Interface 2023 PubChem, NCBI [391]PubChem
67 PyKEEN [392]PyKEEN [393]The KEEN Universe [394]BioKEEN: a library for learning and evaluating biological knowledge graph embeddings [395]PyKEEN 1.0: a Python library for training and evaluating knowledge graph embeddings GitHub [396]PyKEEN , PyPI [397]pykeen · PyPI .csv [398]Datasets — pykeen 1.10.2-dev documentation [399]pykeen/src/pykeen/datasets at master · pykeen/pykeen · GitHub 2023 Smart Data Analytics Group, University of Bonn [400]Smart Data Analytics , Individuals from various research institutes
68 RDKG-115 - [401]RDKG-115: Assisting drug repurposing and discovery for rare diseases by trimodal knowledge graph embedding GitHub [402]RDKG-115 .csv [403]RDKG-115/Model/KG at main · ZhuChaoY/RDKG-115 · GitHub [404]RDKG-115/RDKG-115 at main · ZhuChaoY/RDKG-115 · GitHub 2023 Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University [405]Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University , Individuals from various research institutes
69 RNA-KG - [406]RNA-KG: An ontology-based knowledge graph for representing interactions involving RNA molecules [407]A Meta-Graph for the Construction of an RNA-Centered Knowledge Graph GitHub [408]RNA-KG .nt / .txt [409]RNA-KG , SPARQL endpoint [410]Blazegraph Workbench 2023 AnacletoLAB, University of Milan [411]AnacletoLAB - Computational Biology and Bioinformatics , Individuals from various research institutes
70 ROBOKOP [412]ROBOKOP [413]ROBOKOP U24 · GitHub [414]ROBOKOP: an abstraction layer and user interface for knowledge graphs to support question answering [415]ROBOKOP KG and KGB: Integrated Knowledge Graphs from Federated Sources GitHub [416]robokop .dump (Neo4j) / .json / .jsonl [417]Index of /var/plater/bl-3.5.4/RobokopKG/929354295ba7d43c/ , Neo4j Browser [418]Neo4j Browser , REST API [419]ROBOKOP KG 2023 Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), University of North Carolina [420]RENCI - Renaissance Computing Institute at UNC
71 RPath KGs - [421]Causal reasoning over knowledge graphs leveraging drug-perturbed and disease-specific transcriptomic signatures for drug discovery GitHub [422]RPath .tsv [423]RPath/data/kg at master · enveda/RPath · GitHub [424]Causal reasoning over knowledge graphs leveraging drug-perturbed and disease-specific transcriptomic signatures for drug discovery 2022 Company: Enveda Biosciences [425]Enveda Biosciences - Plant-Powered Drug Discovery
72 RTX-KG2 - [426]RTX-KG2: a system for building a semantically standardized knowledge graph for translational biomedicine GitHub [427]KG2: the second-generation RTX knowledge graph .json [428]RTX KG2 [429]translator-lfs-artifacts/files at main · ncats/translator-lfs-artifacts 2023 Development team for the RTX biomedical reasoning tool [430]Development team for the RTX biomedical reasoning tool · GitHub , Individuals from various research institutes
73 Rare diseases integrative KG - [431]An integrative knowledge graph for rare diseases, derived from the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) GitHub [432]Stitcher Neo4j Browser [433]Neo4j Browser 2020 Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH [434]Divisions and Offices - National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
74 Reactome Graph Database [435]Graph Database - Reactome Pathway Database [436]Reactome: a knowledgebase of biological pathways [437]Reactome graph database: Efficient access to complex pathway data GitHub [438]Reactome Graph Database [439]Reactome Graph Database Batch Importer .graphdb (Neo4j) [440]Download - Reactome Pathway Database , REST API [441]Content Service - Reactome Pathway Database 2023 Reactome Team [442]Team - Reactome Pathway Database , Individuals from various research institutes
75 Rosalind knowledge graph [443]Knowledge Graph & Search [444]Preclinical validation of therapeutic targets predicted by tensor factorization on heterogeneous graphs - - 2020 Company: ROSALIND, Inc. [445]Discovery Platform & Data Hub for Scientists - ROSALIND , Company: BenevolentAI [446]BenevolentAI - AI Drug Discovery - AI Pharma
76 SDKG-11 - [447]Multimodal reasoning based on knowledge graph embedding for specific diseases GitHub [448]SDKG-11 .csv [449]SDKG-11/Dataset at main · ZhuChaoY/SDKG-11 · GitHub 2022 Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University [450]Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University , Individuals from various research institutes
77 SLKG [451]Synthetic Lethality Knowledge Graph [452]The tumor therapy landscape of synthetic lethality - Web UI [453]Synthetic Lethality Knowledge Graph 2021 Individuals from various research institutes
78 SPOKE [454]SPOKE [455]Neighborhood Explorer [456]SPOKE Nodes and Edges [457]Spoke [458]The scalable precision medicine open knowledge engine (SPOKE): a massive knowledge graph of biomedical information GitHub [459]Envisioning SPOKE: Visualizing 3M Nodes and 30M Edges REST API [460]Swagger UI 2023 SPOKE Team [461]People , Individuals from various research institutes
79 SemKG - [462]SemaTyP: a knowledge graph based literature mining method for drug discovery GitHub [463]SemaTyP: a knowledge graph based literature mining method for drug discovery .txt [464]SemaTyP/data at main · ShengtianSang/SemaTyP · GitHub 2021 College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology [465]Dalian University of Technology
80 SemNet / SemMedDB [466]SemNet 2.0 [467]SemNet: Using Local Features to Navigate the Biomedical Concept Graph [468]Optimizations for Computing Relatedness in Biomedical Heterogeneous Information Networks: SemNet 2.0 GitHub [469]SemNet .csv / .sql (MySQL) [470]Access to SemRep/SemMedDB/SKR Resources 2022 Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Emory University [471]Pathology Dynamics
81 StrokeKG - [472]Mining a stroke knowledge graph from literature GitHub [473]Stroke .csv / .txt [474]Stroke , Neo4j browser [475]Neo4j Browser 2020 College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology [476]Colleges & Institutes - National University of Defense Technology , Individuals from various research institutes
82 SynLethKG / KG4SL [477]SynLethDB [478]KG4SL: knowledge graph neural network for synthetic lethality prediction in human cancers [479]SynLethDB: synthetic lethality database toward discovery of selective and sensitive anticancer drug targets GitHub [480]KG4SL [481]SynLethDB .csv / .npy / .txt [482]KG4SL/data at main · JieZheng-ShanghaiTech/KG4SL · GitHub , .csv / .json / .graphml [483]SynLethDB: Download 2023 Zheng Lab, ShanghaiTech University [484]Jie Zheng Lab at ShanghaiTech
83 TogoGenome [485]TogoGenome [486]TogoGenome/TogoStanza: modularized Semantic Web genome database GitHub [487]togogenome SPARQL endpoint [488]sparql-proxy 2019 Database Center for Life Science, University of Tokyo [489]DBCLS | Database Center for Life Science
84 TypeDB Bio [490]TypeDB Blog: Accelerating drug discovery with applied knowledge engineering and TypeDB - GitHub [491]TypeDB Bio: Biomedical Knowledge Graph .csv [492]typedb-bio/dataset at master · typedb-osi/typedb-bio · GitHub 2023 Company: Vaticle Ltd [493]TypeDB: The polymorphic database powered by types
85 Wikidata Biomedical Knowledge Graph - [494]Wikidata as a knowledge graph for the life sciences GitHub [495]genewikiworld [496]WikidataIntegrator [497]scheduled-bots [498]WD-rephetio-analysis [499]Wikidata-phenomizer .json / .ttl / .nt / .xml [500]Wikidata:Database download - Wikidata , SPARQL endpoint [501]Wikidata Query Service 2023 Su Lab, Scripps Research Institute [502]The Su Lab - Quantitative methods in biomedical discovery

Resources for creating biomedical knowledge graphs

File formats

# Format name Extensions Websites Specification Graph model Organization
1 BEL .bel [503]Biological Expression Language [504]BEL: Biological Expression Language [505]bel_specifications BEL network BEL.bio organization [506]About BEL.bio
2 CSV .csv [507]Comma-separated values [508]Common Format and MIME Type for Comma-Separated Values (CSV) Files Various models IETF Network Working Group [509]Working Groups
3 GraphDB .graphdb [510]Ontotext GraphDB [511]Ontotext GraphDB RDF graph Company: Ontotext [512]Ontotext Home
4 GraphML .graphml [513]GraphML [514]The GraphML File Format Various models GraphML Project Group [515]About GraphML
5 JSON-LD .jsonld, .json [516]JSON-LD [517]JSON-LD 1.1 RDF graph W3C [518]W3C
6 KGX .json, .jsonl, .tsv, .ttl [519]KGX Format [520]kgx/specification/kgx-format.md Property graph Individuals from various research institutes
7 N-Quads .nq [521]N-Triples: N-Quads [522]RDF 1.1 N-Quads RDF graph W3C [523]W3C
8 N-Triples .nt [524]N-Triples [525]RDF 1.1 N-Triples RDF graph W3C [526]W3C
9 Neo4j .dump [527]Neo4j [528]Create a DBMS dump file - Neo4j Desktop Property graph Company: Neo4j, Inc. [529]Neo4j Graph Database & Analytics - The Leader in Graph Databases
10 Notation3 .n3 [530]Notation3 [531]Notation3 (N3): A readable RDF syntax RDF graph W3C [532]W3C
11 RDF/JSON .json [533]RDF JSON - docs.api [534]RDF 1.1 JSON Alternate Serialization (RDF/JSON) RDF graph W3C [535]W3C
12 RDF/XML .rdf [536]RDF/XML [537]RDF 1.1 XML Syntax RDF graph W3C [538]W3C
13 RDFa .html, .svg, .xml [539]RDFa [540]RDFa 1.1 Primer - Third Edition RDF graph W3C [541]W3C
14 SIF .sif [542]SIF (file format) - BioUML platform [543]Cytoscape User Manual Various models Cytoscape Consoritum [544]Cytoscape Consortium
15 TriG .trig [545]TriG (syntax) [546]RDF 1.1 TriG RDF graph W3C [547]W3C
16 TriX .trix [548]TriX (serialization format) [549]TriX : RDF Triples in XML RDF graph W3C [550]W3C
17 Turtle .ttl [551]Turtle (syntax) [552]RDF 1.1 Turtle RDF graph W3C [553]W3C

Databases

# Database name Website Publications Number of databases Organization
1 Bio.tools [554]bio.tools · Bioinformatics Tools and Services Discovery Portal [555]Tools and data services registry: a community effort to document bioinformatics resources 2377 ELIXIR [556]ELIXIR
2 DaTo [557]DaTo [558]DaTo: an atlas of biological databases and tools 35400 (count includes tools) Ming Chen's Lab, Zhejiang University [559]BIS: Bioinformatics Server @ Zhejiang University
3 Database Commons [560]Database Commons [561]Database Commons: A Catalog of Worldwide Biological Databases 6389 China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [562]China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB)
4 FAIRsharing [563]FAIRsharing [564]FAIRsharing as a community approach to standards, repositories and policies 2075 The FAIRsharing team, University of Oxford [565]FAIRsharing
5 MetaBase [566]MetaBase [567]MetaBase—the wiki-database of biological databases 1802 (last online in 2014) Individuals from various research institutes
6 NAR db status [568]NAR db status [569]A web-based platform for the annotation and analysis of NAR-published databases 2246 Bioinformatics/Medical Informatics department, Bielefeld University [570]Bioinformatics / Medical Informatics Department
7 NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collection [571]Database Summary Paper Categories [572]The 2023 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue and the online molecular biology database collection 1764 Nucleic Acids Research (NAR) Journal, University of Oxford [573]Nucleic Acids Research - Oxford Academic
8 Online Bioinformatics Resources Collection (OBRC) [574]OBRC: Online Bioinformatics Resources Collection - HSLS [575]The Online Bioinformatics Resources Collection at the University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences Library System—a one-stop gateway to online bioinformatics databases and software tools 2408 (count includes tools) Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh [576]HSLS
9 Online Resource Finder For Life Sciences (OReFiL) [577]OReFiL: an Online Resource Finder for Lifesciences [578]OReFiL: an online resource finder for life sciences N/A Database Center for Life Science, University of Tokyo [579]Database Center for Life Science – The University Of Tokyo Future Center Initiative
10 The Bioinformatics Link Directory [580]Bioinformatics Links Directory - Bioinformatics.ca Links Directory [581]The Bioinformatics Links Directory: a Compilation of Molecular Biology Web Servers [582]A decade of web server updates at the bioinformatics links directory: 2003–2012 621 (last online in 2017) The Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops (CBW) [583]About Bioinformatics.ca

Ontologies and controlled vocabularies

# Ontology name Website Publications Number of Ontologies Organization
1 BioPortal [1]BioPortal - Biomedical Ontology Repository [2]BioPortal: enhanced functionality via new Web services from the National Center for Biomedical Ontology to access and use ontologies in software applications 1077 Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University [3]Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR)
2 Ontobee [4]Ontobee [5]Ontobee: A linked ontology data server to support ontology term dereferencing, linkage, query and integration 262 He Group, University of Michigan Medical School [6]Welcome to He Group Webpage
3 Ontology Lookup Service (OLS) [7]Ontology Lookup Service (OLS) [8]The Ontology Lookup Service, a lightweight cross-platform tool for controlled vocabulary queries [9]The Ontology Lookup Service: bigger and better 251 Samples, Phenotypes and Ontologies Team (SPOT), EMBL-EBI [10]Samples, phenotypes and ontologies – Delivering databases and interoperability tools for mammalian models of disease, GWAS, PGS and Polygenic Scores.
4 Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry [11]OBO Foundry [12]OBO Foundry in 2021: operationalizing open data principles to evaluate ontologies 258 Individuals from various research institutes

Tools

# Creator name Websites Publications Code Last Update Organization
1 AgreementMakerLight [584]AgreementMakerLight - LASIGE [585]Matching Multiple Ontologies to Build a Knowledge Graph for Personalized Medicine GitHub [586]AML-Project 2023 LASIGE Computer Science and Engineering Research Centre, University of Lisbon [587]LASIGE
2 BioCypher [588]Democratising Knowledge Graphs [589]Democratizing knowledge representation with BioCypher GitHub [590]Democratizing knowledge representation with BioCypher , PyPI [591]biocypher · PyPI 2023 Saez-Rodriguez Group, Heidelberg University [592]Saez-Rodriguez Group
3 BioDBLinker - [593]BioKG: A Knowledge Graph for Relational Learning On Biological Data GitHub [594]biodblinker , PyPI [595]biodblinker · PyPI 2020 Biomedical Discovery Informatics Unit, NUI Galway [596]Data Science Institute - University of Galway [597]DSI - Biomedical Discovery Informatics
4 DemKG - [598]A Knowledge Graph Framework for Dementia Research Data GitHub [599]kg-transform 2023 Individuals from various research institutes
5 IASiS Open Data Graph [600]The iASiS project Knowledge Graph - IASIS [601]iASiS Open Data Graph: Automated Semantic Integration of Disease-Specific Knowledge GitHub [602]iASiS Open Data Graph 2020 Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, NCSR Demokritos [603]National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos"
6 INDRA [604]INDRA [605]INDRA documentation — INDRA 1.22.0 documentation [606]From word models to executable models of signaling networks using automated assembly [607]Automated assembly of molecular mechanisms at scale from text mining and curated databases GitHub [608]INDRA , PyPI [609]indra · PyPI 2023 Sorger Lab, Harvard Medical School [610]Sorger Lab
7 K-BiOnt - [611]Biomedical Relation Extraction With Knowledge Graph-Based Recommendations GitHub [612]K-BiOnt: Biomedical Relation Extraction with Knowledge Graph-based Recommendations 2022 Biomedical Text Mining Team (BioTM), LASIGE, University of Lisbon [613]BioTM, LASIGE, Fac. Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa [614]LASIGE
8 KG-Hub [615]Knowledge Graph Hub [616]KG-Hub -- Building and Exchanging Biological Knowledge Graphs GitHub [617]Knowledge-Graph-Hub 2023 Individuals from various research institutes
9 KGTK [618]KGTK documentation [619]KGTK: A Toolkit for Large Knowledge Graph Manipulation and Analysis GitHub [620]KGTK: Knowledge Graph Toolkit , PyPI [621]kgtk · PyPI 2023 Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California [622]Information Sciences Institute
10 KGX [623]Welcome to the KGX documentation — kgx 1.5.1 documentation [624]KGX Format - GitHub [625]Knowledge Graph Exchange , PyPI [626]kgx · PyPI 2023 Individuals from various research institutes
11 KGen - [627]KGen: a knowledge graph generator from biomedical scientific literature GitHub [628]KGen 2022 Institute of Computing, University of Campinas [629]Institute of Computing
12 ORION - - GitHub [630]ORION 2023 Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), University of North Carolina [631]RENCI - Renaissance Computing Institute at UNC
13 PheKnowLator [632]PheKnowLator [633]A Framework for Automated Construction of Heterogeneous Large-Scale Biomedical Knowledge Graphs [634]An Open-Source Knowledge Graph Ecosystem for the Life Sciences GitHub [635]PheKnowLator , PyPI [636]pkt-kg · PyPI , Zenodo [637]Search PheKnowLator 2021 Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado [638]Computational Bioscience Home - School of Medicine , Individuals from various research institutes
14 ROBOKOP Knowledge Graph Builder (KGB) [639]ROBOKOP [640]ROBOKOP KG and KGB: Integrated Knowledge Graphs from Federated Sources GitHub [641]robokop 2023 Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), University of North Carolina [642]RENCI - Renaissance Computing Institute at UNC
15 SEmantic Modeling machIne (SeMi) [643]SeMi - SEmantic Modeling machIne [644]SeMi: A SEmantic Modeling machIne to build Knowledge Graphs with graph neural networks GitHub [645]SeMi - SEmantic Modeling machIne 2020 Company: Elsevier
16 Stitcher - [646]stitcher/paper at master · ncats/stitcher GitHub [647]stitcher 2023 Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH [648]Divisions and Offices - National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

Awesome biomedical knowledge graphs by Robert Haas is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0